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The political system of Athens experienced a rebalancing in the period between 404 and 307, which cannot be adequately captured with the keywords “decline” or “crisis”. The comprehensive analysis of Athens' public finances opens up a new approach to this hinge period between classical and Hellenism and explains the evident change in the political order through the gradual and consensual transformation of the broad-based deliberative democracy into one led from above, but through the attribution of competencies and moral-political trust Consent democracy carried into the ruling elite. Thus an adaptable mechanism had been created, as it was then to prevail in many places in Hellenism and which was constitutive for it. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Von der Deliberationsdemokratie zur Zustimmungsdemokratie by Dorothea Rohde, published by J.B. Metzler Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors. .

Europe—History—To 476. --- History of Ancient Europe. --- Europe --- History --- To 476. --- Gay culture Europe

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Europe - History - 476-1492. --- Europe - History - To 476. --- Middle Ages - History.

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The history of the Roman Republic was a military success story. Texts, monuments and rituals commemorated Rome's victories, and this emphasis on its own triumphs formed a basis for the Roman nobility's claim to leadership. However, the Romans also suffered numerous heavy defeats during the Republic. This study is the first to comprehensively examine how Rome's defeats at the hands of the Celts, Samnites, and Carthaginians were explained and interpreted in the historical culture of the Republic and early imperial period. What emerges is a specifically Roman culture of dealing with defeats, which helped the Romans to find meaning in the stories of their failures and to assign them a place in their own past. Simon Lentzsch is a research assistant at the Chair of Ancient History at the University of Cologne. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.

Ancient history --- History of Europe --- geschiedenis --- Europese geschiedenis --- Europe --- Europe—History—To 476. --- History of Ancient Europe.

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The book puts the current interest in historical Jesus research into a proper historical context, highlighting Gnosticism’s lasting influence on early Christianity and making the provocative claim that nearly all Christian Churches are in some way descended from Roman Christianity. Breaking with the accepted wisdom of Christianity’s origins, the revised history it puts forward challenges the assumptions of Church and secular historians, biblical critics and general readers alike, with profound repercussions for scholarship, belief and practice. .

Religion. --- Bible --- Ethnology. --- Europe --- Religious Studies. --- Biblical Studies. --- Cultural Anthropology. --- History of Ancient Europe. --- Theology. --- History—To 476. --- Christianity. --- Religionsgeschichtliche Schule. --- Church history. --- Christianity --- Ecclesiastical history --- History, Church --- History, Ecclesiastical --- History of religions school --- History --- Religions --- Church history --- Origin --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Bible-Theology. --- Europe-History-To 476. --- Bible—Theology. --- Europe—History—To 476.

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This open access book demonstrates the application of simulation modelling and network analysis techniques in the field of Roman studies. It summarizes and discusses the results of a 5-year research project carried out by the editors that aimed to apply spatial dynamical modelling to reconstruct and understand the socio-economic development of the Dutch part of the Roman frontier (limes) zone, in particular the agrarian economy and the related development of settlement patterns and transport networks in the area. The project papers are accompanied by invited chapters presenting case studies and reflections from other parts of the Roman Empire focusing on the themes of subsistence economy, demography, transport and mobility, and socio-economic networks in the Roman period. The book shows the added value of state-of-the-art computer modelling techniques and bridges computational and conventional approaches. Topics that will be of particular interest to archaeologists are the question of (forced) surplus production, the demographic and economic effects of the Roman occupation on the local population, and the structuring of transport networks and settlement patterns. For modellers, issues of sensitivity analysis and validation of modelling results are specifically addressed. This book will appeal to students and researchers working in the computational humanities and social sciences, in particular, archaeology and ancient history.

Social sciences—Data processing. --- Social sciences—Computer programs. --- Archaeology. --- Computer simulation. --- Europe-History-To 476. --- Social sciences --- Computational Social Sciences. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- History of Ancient Europe. --- Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences. --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Data processing. --- Computer programs. --- Europe --- Europe—History—To 476. --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Social sciences—Data processing --- Social sciences—Computer programs --- Archaeology --- Computer simulation --- Europe—History—To 476 --- Application software